研究目的
Investigating the photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of Paeonia emodi mediated silver oxide nanoparticles.
研究成果
The synthesized Ag2O NPs using Paeonia emodi leaves extract exhibited effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (97.78% in 180 min) and strong antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. The eco-friendly synthesis method is a valuable alternative to conventional methods, offering nontoxicity and user-friendly handling. The findings suggest potential applications in environmental remediation and antimicrobial therapies, with recommendations for future studies on mechanistic details and in vivo testing.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in scalability of the green synthesis process, potential variability in plant extract composition, and the need for further optimization of photocatalytic and antibacterial efficiencies under different conditions. The antibacterial tests were conducted in vitro, which may not fully represent in vivo effectiveness.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed an eco-friendly green synthesis method using Paeonia emodi leaves extract as a reducing agent to synthesize silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs). Characterization techniques included XRD for crystallite size and geometry, TEM and SEM for morphology, EDX for purity and composition, DRS for band gap energy, and FTIR for surface functional groups. Photocatalytic activity was assessed by degrading methylene blue (MB) under UV-Visible light, and antibacterial activity was tested using agar well diffusion method against selected bacterial strains.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Fresh Paeonia emodi leaves were collected from the hilly area of district Buner, Pakistan. Bacterial cultures (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were obtained from a pathology lab. Chemicals like silver nitrate, ethanol, methylene blue, and agar nutrient were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included XRD model Panalytical X-Pert Pro, TEM model Philips CM 20 microscope, SEM model 5910 (JEOL Japan), EDX Model INCA 200 (UK), FTIR Nicolet 6700 (USA), UV-Vis/NIR spectrometer lambda 950, and thermo spectronic UV 500 spectrophotometer. Materials included silver nitrate, ethanol, methylene blue, agar nutrient, and Paeonia emodi leaves extract.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Paeonia emodi leaves extract was prepared by boiling chopped leaves in deionized water, filtering, and centrifuging. Ag2O NPs were synthesized by mixing silver nitrate solution with the extract at 50°C, leading to color change indicating formation. The product was filtered, washed, dried, and characterized. Photocatalytic degradation involved exposing MB solution with Ag2O NPs to UV-Visible light, sampling at intervals, and measuring absorbance. Antibacterial activity involved spreading bacterial cultures on agar plates, adding Ag2O NP suspensions, incubating, and measuring inhibition zones.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Crystallite size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer equation from XRD data. Particle sizes from TEM and SEM were analyzed using ImageJ software. Band gap was determined from DRS spectra. Photocatalytic degradation percentage and rate constant were calculated using first-order kinetics equations. Antibacterial activity was quantified by measuring zones of inhibition in millimeters.
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