研究目的
To assess existing technology and the history of underwater LiDAR profiling and bathymetric mapping to identify potential opportunities for future growth and to classify important design choices for LiDAR systems in marine science applications.
研究成果
Underwater LiDAR offers advantages in resolution and efficiency for shallow water mapping compared to traditional methods like acoustics and passive optics. Future directions include cost reduction, integration with autonomous vehicles, and improved geo-referencing. The technology is complementary to sonar for comprehensive seafloor mapping.
研究不足
The paper is a review and does not involve new experimental data; it relies on existing literature, which may have gaps or biases. The focus is on shallow water applications, and deep-water or highly turbid environments may not be fully covered. Cost and accessibility of high-end systems are noted as limitations.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The paper reviews and analyzes existing LiDAR technologies and methods, including time-of-flight, triangulation, and phase shift techniques, without conducting new experiments. Theoretical models and algorithms are discussed based on literature.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
No specific samples or datasets are used; the study relies on published literature and commercial system specifications.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Not applicable as no new experiments are performed.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Not applicable.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The analysis involves comparing and contrasting different LiDAR systems and their performance metrics based on existing data.
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Inertial Measurement Unit
Phins INS
iXblue
Inertial navigation system coupled with DVL for motion compensation.
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LiDAR system
Zebedee
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LiDAR system
INScan
Teledyne CDL
Underwater scanning for metrology applications, capable of ranges between 2 and 45m.
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Laser scanner
ULS-500 Pro
2G Robotics
Dynamic underwater laser scanning using triangulation technique.
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LiDAR system
SL1
3D at Depth
Subsea LiDAR for high-resolution scanning, used in oil and gas industries.
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Navigation system
SPRINT INS
Sonardyne
Inertial navigation system for accurate positioning in underwater mobile mapping.
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Doppler Velocity Logger
Syrinx DVL
Sonardyne
Measuring velocity for navigation in underwater environments.
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Acoustic positioning system
Fusion 6G LBL
Sonardyne
Long baseline acoustic positioning for underwater geo-referencing.
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Fiber laser
High-rep-rate pulsed fiber laser
Jaffe laboratory
Advanced laser imaging for turbid waters, mounted on AUV.
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