1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Controlled crystallization from parent glass to produce glass-ceramics with quartz and lithium disilicate phases. Methods include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, and thermal expansion analysis.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Four base glasses (A, B, C, D) with varying P2O5 content (

3：5 to 5 mol%) were prepared from raw materials like quartz, lithium carbonate, etc. Samples were melted, quenched, cast into blocks, and heat-treated. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

PtRh10 crucible, electric furnace, Netzsch STA 449 F3 DSC apparatus, muffle furnace, Programat? oven, D8 Advance XRD diffractometer, Mortar Grinder RM 200, CEREC? InLab milling machine, Zwick 1456 universal testing apparatus, Supra 40VP SEM. Materials include industrial quality raw materials and internal standards like Al2O

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Melting at 1650°C for 2 hours, quenching in water, DSC analysis with heating rate 10 K/min, nucleation heat-treatment at 490-510°C for 30 min, crystallization heat-treatment at 600-750°C for 60 min, XRD analysis, mechanical testing (biaxial fracture strength and fracture toughness), thermal expansion measurement, SEM sample preparation with etching and coating.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Rietveld refinement for crystal phase quantification using TOPAS software, statistical analysis of mechanical properties (mean ± standard deviation), and error estimation for thermal expansion.