1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved fabricating a PdNP/PGaN composite electrode through photoelectrochemical etching of GaN and in situ photodeposition of PdNPs. Electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) were used to evaluate glucose sensing performance.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Chemicals were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., and human serum was supplied by TianFu New Area Huayang Zhenglong Biochem. Lab. Deionized water was used throughout.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a 300 W xenon lamp, direct-current power supply, SEM (Hitachi S-4800), EDS (Quanta FEG 250), XRD (Bruker D8 Advance), and electrochemical workstation (CHI 660D). Materials included PdCl2, glucose, NaOH, and ionic liquid etchant.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

PGaN was prepared by photoelectrochemical etching of planar GaN. PdNPs were photodeposited on PGaN using a PdCl2 solution under xenon lamp irradiation. Electrochemical tests were conducted in a three-electrode system with 0.1 M NaOH as electrolyte.

5：1 M NaOH as electrolyte. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using linear calibration plots for current vs. glucose concentration, with sensitivity and detection limit calculations. Reproducibility and selectivity were assessed through relative standard deviation and interference tests.