研究目的
To highlight the recent progress in the emerging area of visible light-induced Pd-catalysis, focusing on novel reactivity modes, scope, and mechanistic aspects.
研究成果
Photoexcited Pd-catalysis enables new reactivity modes under mild conditions without expensive photosensitizers, opening avenues for novel transformations. Future directions include developing stereoselective reactions and conducting more detailed mechanistic studies.
研究不足
The mechanisms for these novel methods are still underdeveloped and based on hypotheses; detail mechanistic studies are needed. The scope may be limited to specific substrates, and stereoselective transformations are not yet fully explored.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The paper reviews various Pd-catalyzed reactions under visible light irradiation without exogenous photosensitizers, involving single electron transfer processes and Pd-radical hybrid species.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Examples include reactions with aryl iodides, alkyl halides, redox-active esters, and other substrates, with data from cited literature.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Common materials include Pd catalysts (e.g., Pd(OAc)2, Pd(PPh3)4), ligands (e.g., Xantphos, DPEPhos), bases (e.g., Cs2CO3), solvents (e.g., PhH, DMF), and blue LED light sources.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Reactions are typically conducted at room temperature or mild conditions under blue LED irradiation, with steps like mixing reagents, irradiation, and product isolation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Mechanistic studies involve radical trapping, isotope labeling, photophysical measurements (e.g., absorption spectra, Stern-Volmer studies), and DFT calculations.
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Blue LED
Provides visible light irradiation for photoexcitation in Pd-catalyzed reactions.
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Pd(OAc)2
Palladium catalyst used in various reactions.
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Xantphos
Ligand for palladium catalysts.
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DPEPhos
Ligand for palladium catalysts.
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Cs2CO3
Base used in reactions.
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Pd(PPh3)4
Palladium catalyst.
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DMF
Solvent used in reactions.
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PhH
Solvent (benzene) used in reactions.
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THF
Solvent (tetrahydrofuran) used in reactions.
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DMSO
Solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) used in reactions.
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CFL
Compact fluorescent lamp used for light irradiation.
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