研究目的
To design and evaluate a new methodology for optimizing lightning strike and EMI effects on composite structures, providing airworthiness solutions by using metallic nanofilms to enhance electrical conductivity and reduce damage.
研究成果
The composites co-cured with nanoscale metallic films drastically reduced weight and enhanced lightning strike protection and EMI shielding. Gold nanofilm showed lower resistance and better performance under strain compared to silver. Microstructures were crack-free with uniform grains, indicating good mechanical and electrical properties. EMI tests confirmed no noise with metallic nanofilms, making them effective for shielding.
研究不足
The study may have limitations such as potential surface contamination from adhesive during co-curing, uneven distribution of nanofilms, and distortions in dynamic testing conditions affecting wire connections. Optimization could focus on improving film uniformity and reducing environmental impacts.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved preparing composite sandwich structures with carbon fibers and metallic nanofilms (gold and silver, approximately 100 nm thick) co-cured on top layers during vacuum curing. Methods included surface resistivity tests, electrical conductivity tests under strain, optical microscopy, EMI (P-static) tests, and lightning protection tests to assess damage and shielding effectiveness.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg CYCOM 5320-1 T650-35 was used for lay-up, with samples of 14 plies at 0°/90° orientation. Metallic nanofilms of gold and silver were applied, and tests were conducted on these composite coupons.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a resistivity jig for surface resistivity tests, MTS mechanical testing system for tensile tests, Axiom Imager Upright Microscope for optical microscopy, Dayton Granger Model 17650 for P-static tests, and lightning strike test setups with generators for components A, B, C, D. Materials included carbon prepregs, adhesive NB-120, metallic nanofilms, primers (Hentzen 17035GEP CF Epoxy Primer), and top coats (Axon Hentzen SP70-W White Flexible Surfacer Primer with PH-65 Hardener).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Composite panels were manufactured using hand lay-up technique, debulked under vacuum, and co-cured with nanofilms. Surface resistivity was measured using ASTM D257. Electrical conductivity under strain was tested with a four-probe method during tensile tests. Optical microscopy examined microstructures. EMI tests involved applying high voltage and listening for interference on an AM radio. Lightning strike tests applied currents up to 200 kA and observed damage.
5：Electrical conductivity under strain was tested with a four-probe method during tensile tests. Optical microscopy examined microstructures. EMI tests involved applying high voltage and listening for interference on an AM radio. Lightning strike tests applied currents up to 200 kA and observed damage. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using formulas for resistance (V=IR), conductivity (σ=I/V * L/A), strain (?=?L/L), and stress (σ=F/A). Results were plotted and compared for gold and silver nanofilms.
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Axiom Imager Upright Microscope
Axiom Imager Upright Microscope
Carl-Zeiss
Used for optical microscopy to examine microstructures of composite samples.
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CYCOM 5320-1 T650-35
CYCOM 5320-1 T650-35
CYCOM
Unidirectional carbon fiber prepreg used for composite lay-up to provide mechanical strength.
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NB-120 Adhesive
NB-120
Adhesive film used to bond metallic nanofilms to composite panels, preventing galvanic corrosion.
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Dayton Granger Electrostatic Test Set
Model 17650
Dayton Granger
Used for P-static tests to measure electromagnetic interference by applying high voltage and detecting noise on an AM radio.
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MTS Mechanical Testing System
MTS
Used for tensile testing according to ASTM D3039 to measure mechanical properties and electrical conductivity under strain.
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Hentzen 17035GEP CF Epoxy Primer
Hentzen 17035GEP CF Epoxy Primer
Hentzen
Primer applied to composite panels for surface coating to protect against environmental effects.
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Axon Hentzen SP70-W White Flexible Surfacer Primer
Axon Hentzen SP70-W White Flexible Surfacer Primer
Axon Hentzen
Top coat used in surface coating system for durability and finish.
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PH-65 Hardener
PH-65
Axon Hentzen
Hardener mixed with surfacer primer for top coat application.
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