研究目的
To develop a lead-free dielectric ceramic with high energy-storage density and efficiency, and excellent stability against temperature and frequency, by stabilizing a relaxor antiferroelectric phase in (1-x)BNT-xNN solid solutions.
研究成果
The (1-x)BNT-xNN ceramics, particularly with x=0.22, exhibit superior energy-storage properties due to a stabilized relaxor antiferroelectric phase, achieving high density and efficiency with excellent temperature and frequency stability, making them promising for pulsed power applications.
研究不足
The study is limited to bulk ceramic samples; potential improvements could involve multilayer or thin-film structures for higher breakdown strength and energy density. The experimental conditions are specific to the synthesized compositions and may not generalize to other materials.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a standard solid-state reaction method to prepare (1-x)BNT-xNN ceramics, with Rietveld refinements of XRD, HR-TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and measurements of dielectric properties and P-E hysteresis loops to investigate phase transitions and energy-storage properties.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Ceramic samples with x=0 to 0.5 in molar ratio were synthesized using analytical reagents, and data were collected from temperature-dependent permittivity, P-E loops, and structural analyses.
3:5 in molar ratio were synthesized using analytical reagents, and data were collected from temperature-dependent permittivity, P-E loops, and structural analyses. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a ferroelectric testing system (Precision Multiferroic, Radiant Technologies Inc.), high-temperature probing stage (HFS600E-PB2, Linkam Scientific Instruments), LCR meter (Agilent E4980A), XRD (D/Max2500V, Rigaku), FE-SEM (SU8020, JEOL), FE-TEM (JEM-2100F, JEOL), and Raman spectrometer (LabRam HR Evolution, HORIBA JOBIN YVON). Materials include Na2CO3, Nb2O5, Bi2O3, TiO2, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, CuO, H3BO3, and BCB additive.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Powders were mixed, calcined, pressed into disks, sintered, polished, and electrodes applied. Measurements were conducted at various temperatures and frequencies for dielectric and ferroelectric properties, with structural characterization via XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using Rietveld refinements with GSAS software, statistical analysis of grain size, and calculation of energy-storage parameters from P-E loops.
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ferroelectric testing system
Precision Multiferroic
Radiant Technologies Inc.
Measuring polarization versus electric field hysteresis loops
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LCR meter
E4980A
Agilent
Measuring dielectric properties as a function of temperature and frequency
E4980A/E4980AL Precision LCR Meter
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XRD
D/Max2500V
Rigaku
Performing x-ray diffraction measurements with Cu Kα radiation
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FE-SEM
SU8020
JEOL
Observing grain morphology
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FE-TEM
JEM-2100F
JEOL
Performing domain morphology observation, selected area electron diffraction, and high-resolution atomic imaging
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high-temperature probing stage
HFS600E-PB2
Linkam Scientific Instruments
Enabling high-temperature measurements connected to the ferroelectric testing system
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Raman spectrometer
LabRam HR Evolution
HORIBA JOBIN YVON
Collecting temperature-dependent Raman spectra with 532-nm excitation
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