1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A manual grinding method was used to synthesize APbX3 perovskite nanocrystals at room temperature in open atmosphere, involving grinding of raw materials with cyclohexane, oleic acid, and oleylamine in a mortar with a pestle.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Precursors included lead halides (PbX2), cesium halides (CsX), methylammonium halide (MAX), formamidinium halide (FAX), and other chemicals from specified suppliers.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Agate mortar and pestle for grinding, centrifuge for purification, and various chemicals such as cyclohexane, OA, OM, DMSO, PMMA.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

For MAPbX3 synthesis, PbX2 and MAX powders were ground with cyclohexane, then OA and OM were added, followed by continued grinding and purification via centrifugation. Similar steps for FAPbX3 and CsPbX3, with variations for Mn2+-doping.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Characterization using XRD, TEM, XPS, absorption/PL spectra, PLQY measurements, time-resolved PL spectra, and EL spectra with specific instruments like MiniFlex600 diffractometer, JEOL JEM-2010 TEM, VG Scientific ESCA Lab Mark II XPS spectrometer, Edinburgh Instruments FS5 spectrometer, LifeSpec-II lifetime spectrometer, and HAAS-2000 spectroradiometer.