1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing P25/β-CD nanoparticles via a photoinduced method and 2,4-D/β-CD complex via spray-drying. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were conducted in batch and circulated-mode photoreactors using LED light sources (400 nm and 365 nm) to assess degradation efficiency under various conditions.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2,4-D solutions at concentrations of 20 mg/L and 200 mg/L were prepared using deionized water. Catalysts included P25, P25/β-CD, and 2,4-D/β-CD complex with P25. Samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

3：Samples were analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included LEDs (400 nm, 20 W; 365 nm, 100 W), ultrasonic bath, oil bath, syringe filters (0.2 μm), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Pharmacia Biotech Ultrospec 3100), TEM (Philips CM-120), BET analyzer (BELSORP-max), FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Vector 22), UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 2550), DSC (Mettler), spray-dryer (Buchi B-290), and oven (Pars Azma). Materials included 2,4-D (Sigma Aldrich), TiO2-P25 (Degussa), β-CD (Acros), ethanol (Merck), and deionized water.

4：2 μm), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Pharmacia Biotech Ultrospec 3100), TEM (Philips CM-120), BET analyzer (BELSORP-max), FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Vector 22), UV-Vis DRS spectrophotometer (Shimadzu 2550), DSC (Mettler), spray-dryer (Buchi B-290), and oven (Pars Azma). Materials included 2,4-D (Sigma Aldrich), TiO2-P25 (Degussa), β-CD (Acros), ethanol (Merck), and deionized water. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: For batch-mode, solutions were stirred in dark for adsorption equilibrium, then irradiated with LED while bubbling air. For circulated-mode, solutions were pumped through an exposure chamber with LED irradiation. Parameters like catalyst amount, β-CD concentration, irradiation time, and reactor type were varied. Samples were taken hourly, filtered, and analyzed.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Degradation efficiency was calculated based on UV-Vis absorbance at 284 nm. Data were processed using Excel, ChemDraw, and Origin for charting, with experimental error within ±4%.