研究目的
To achieve facile tuning of the emission color of thermally-activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters based on ortho-carbazole-appended triarylboron compounds by introducing various electron-accepting substituents to control the LUMO level and band gap.
研究成果
The introduction of electron-accepting substituents into the ortho-carbazole-appended triarylboron scaffold enables fine tuning of emission color from blue to greenish yellow while maintaining efficient TADF with high quantum yields. The red shifts are primarily due to greater stabilization of the LUMO level compared to the HOMO, supported by electrochemical and theoretical studies. This approach provides a new strategy for designing color-tunable TADF emitters for high-efficiency OLEDs.
研究不足
The study focuses on solution and PMMA film states; device performance in OLEDs is not extensively tested. Some compounds showed hypsochromic shifts in rigid matrices, and calculated ΔEST values were larger than experimental ones, indicating potential inaccuracies in theoretical models.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing a series of ortho-carbazole-appended triarylboron compounds (2-7) with different electron-accepting substituents via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, lithiation, and other reactions. Photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical analyses were conducted to investigate emission properties, energy levels, and molecular structures.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Compounds were synthesized from precursors like 9-(2,5-dibromophenyl)-9H-carbazole and characterized using NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Photophysical data were obtained from solutions and PMMA films.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included NMR spectrometers (Bruker AM 300), elemental analyzer (Flash 2000), DSC (TA Instruments Q20), TGA (TA Instruments Q50), cyclic voltammetry system (Autolab/PGSTAT101), UV/vis spectrophotometer (Varian Cary 100), PL spectrophotometer (FS5), absolute PL quantum yield spectrophotometer (Quantaurus-QY C11347-11), transient PL decay system (FS5 with EPL-375 ps pulsed diode laser and microsecond xenon flashlamp), cryostat (OptistatDN), and X-ray diffractometer (Bruker SMART Apex II CCD). Materials included solvents (toluene, DMF), reagents (aryl boronic acids, Mes2BF, DMMN, ClPPh2), and PMMA matrices.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved lithiation, coupling, and oxidation steps under inert atmosphere. Photophysical measurements included UV/vis absorption, PL spectra, PLQY, and transient PL decay in oxygen-free and air-saturated conditions. Electrochemical studies used cyclic voltammetry in DMF. Theoretical calculations employed DFT and TD-DFT with Gaussian
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, PL decay fitting, and computational software (Gaussian 16, AOMix, Multiwfn) for orbital analysis and energy calculations.
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NMR Spectrometer
AM 300
Bruker
Recording NMR spectra for compound characterization
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Elemental Analyzer
Flash 2000
Thermo Scientific
Performing elemental analysis
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Differential Scanning Calorimeter
Q20
TA Instruments
Measuring melting points
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Thermogravimetric Analyzer
Q50
TA Instruments
Performing thermogravimetric analysis
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Cyclic Voltammetry System
Autolab/PGSTAT101
Autolab
Performing cyclic voltammetry experiments
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UV/Vis Spectrophotometer
Cary 100
Varian
Recording UV/vis absorption spectra
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Photoluminescence Spectrophotometer
FS5
Edinburgh Instruments
Recording PL spectra and transient PL decays
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Absolute PL Quantum Yield Spectrophotometer
Quantaurus-QY C11347-11
Hamamatsu Photonics
Measuring absolute photoluminescence quantum yields
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Pulsed Diode Laser
EPL-375 ps
Light source for transient PL decay measurements
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Xenon Flashlamp
Microsecond
Light source for transient PL decay measurements
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Cryostat
OptistatDN
Oxford Instruments
Controlling temperature for PL decay measurements
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X-ray Diffractometer
SMART Apex II CCD
Bruker
Obtaining X-ray diffraction data for crystal structure analysis
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