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Guideline for Optical Optimization of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
摘要： Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells have emerged as a versatile photovoltaic technology with soaring efficiencies. Planar configuration, in particular, has been a structure of choice thanks to its lower temperature processing, compatibility with tandem solar cells, and potential in commercialization. Despite all the breakthroughs in the field, the optical mechanisms leading to highly efficient perovskite solar cells lack profound insight. In this paper, a comprehensive guideline is introduced involving semianalytical equations for thickness optimization of the front and rear transport layers, perovskite, and transparent conductive oxides to improve the antireflection and light trapping properties, and therefore to maximize the photocurrent of perovskite solar cells. It is shown that a photocurrent enhancement above 2 mA cm?2 can be achieved by altering—reducing or increasing—the thicknesses of the layers constituting a CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) type perovskite solar cell. The proposed guideline is tested against experiments as well as previously published experimental and simulation results for MAPI. Additionally, the provided guideline for various types of perovskites can be extended to other direct bandgap absorber-based solar cells in superstrate configuration.
关键词： perovskite solar cells,light trapping,planar solar cells,antireflection,thickness optimization,optimization guideline,optical modeling
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Enhance the solar cell efficiency by reduction of reflection losses
摘要： The enhancement of the solar cell efficiency field has been achieved in many methods due to the different factors and conditions that led to loss the solar energy .This work deals with the increasing of the efficiency of solar cell that made of single crystalline silicon .This increment achieved by the reduction of biggest type of losses of the conversion efficiency named reflection . by using two methods first ; forming grooves on the surface using pulse Nd:YAG laser with max energy 1J and pulse width 10ns, using the fast and accurate movement of the 3D optical galvo mirror scanning system to form the grooves , the second method was by deposition nanomaterials as Silver (Ag) and Cadmium telluride (CdTe) to constitute an antireflection layer for the incident solar spectrum . The effect of antireflection layer material type and the effect of incident light angle on the reflection had been studied in this work .The reflectance had been measured by a system designed and built to give the reflection for angles ranged 0 – 180 degree controlled by Microcontroller. The result inducate that increase in conversion efficiency was 28.3% for Ag/Si , and 32.9% for CdTe/Si than the original efficiency of Si solar cell.
关键词： silicon solar cell,reflectance,laser texture,nanoparticles,antireflection surfaces
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Multifunctional Effect of <i>p</i> ‐Doping, Antireflection, and Encapsulation by Polymeric Acid for High Efficiency and Stable Carbon Nanotube‐Based Silicon Solar Cells
摘要： Silicon solar cells among different types of solar energy harvesters have entered the commercial market owing to their high power conversion efficiency and stability. By replacing the electrode and the p-type layer by a single layer of carbon nanotubes, the device can be further simplified. This greatly augments the attractiveness of silicon solar cells in the light of raw material shortages and the solar payback period, as well as lowering the fabrication costs. However, carbon nanotube-based silicon solar cells still lack device efficiency and stability. These can be improved by chemical doping, antireflection coating, and encapsulation. In this work, the multifunctional effects of p-doping, antireflection, and encapsulation are observed simultaneously, by applying a polymeric acid. This method increases the power conversion efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotube-based silicon solar cells from 9.5% to 14.4% and leads to unprecedented device stability of more than 120 d under severe conditions. In addition, the polymeric acid-applied carbon nanotube-based silicon solar cells show excellent chemical and mechanical robustness. The obtained stable efficiency stands the highest among the reported carbon nanotube-based silicon solar cells.
关键词： doping,carbon nanotubes,silicon solar cells,antireflection,Nafion
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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Surface modification of silicon solar cell using TiO2 and Ta2O5: fabrication and characterization
摘要： We report the fabrication and characterization of surface modified silicon solar cells with the deposition of amorphous tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) and crystalline titanium oxide (TiO2) nanolayers of thickness 54.9 nm and 69.82 nm, respectively, as antireflection coating (ARC) using RF-sputtering technique. The thickness of the films measured by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy is in close agreement. The transmittance measurement as a function of wavelength of incident light showed that the thin-films deposited have lowest effective reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 nm–570 nm indicating reduced light reflection and enhanced light trapping as observed from UV–Vis measurements. Illuminated current–voltage measurements showed an increase in the short circuit current density (Jsc) and an increase of 1.54% in the efficiency of the antireflection-coated cells. Results of the External Quantum Efficiency measurement as a function of wavelength for the solar cells with ARC is also presented in this paper.
关键词： Antireflection coating,TiO2,Ta2O5,RF-sputtering,Silicon solar cell
更新于2025-09-11 14:15:04
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An ultra-broadband THz absorber based on structured doped silicon with antireflection techniques
摘要： Broadband absorber in the terahertz region (0.1-10 THz) has attracted considerable attentions due to its important applications in detecting, imaging and electromagnetic stealth. Recently, terahertz absorber with broadband features has been widely investigated, however the achievement of ultra-broad bandwidth is still challenging due to the limitations of complex structural design and fabrication processes. In this letter, an ultra-broadband terahertz absorber covering the entire terahertz regime (0.1-10 THz) based on the heavily doped silicon has been designed and fabricated, which is composed of double-layer binary gratings filled with the SU-8 photoresist. Antireflection techniques (SU-8 layer) were utilized to further promote the performance of the terahertz absorber at high frequencies through matching the impedance between free space and doped-silicon substrate. The measured absorption exceeding 87% within the frequency range of 0.3-10 THz has verified the proposed approach in designing the ultra-broadband terahertz absorber. Furthermore, the designed absorber remains high performance in the case of wide-angle incidence even up to 60°. Benefiting from the simple structure, the absorber is easy to be fabricated by common optical lithography. We believe the results of this work could broaden the application areas of terahertz absorbers.
关键词： ultra-broadband,antireflection techniques,terahertz absorber
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Optical optimization of a multi-layer wideband anti-reflection coating using porous MgF2 for sub-micron-thick CIGS solar cells
摘要： The optical losses associated with sub-micron absorbers in CIGS solar cells can be reduced by light management techniques. 3-D optical modelling was used to optimize light in-coupling and internal rear reflectance in a 750-nm thick CIGS reference solar cell. At the front side, an effective medium approximation (EMA) approach for describing optical properties of a MgF2-based anti-reflection coating (ARC) was applied. Taking reflectance as the cost function and sequential nonlinear programming as the optimization algorithm, an optimal porous-on-compact double-layer ARC was determined. This led to a wideband light in-coupling with a 6.8% improvement in the photo-current density (Jph) with respect to the reference solar cell without ARC. Considering the variation of the sunlight direction due to day and seasonal changes, different light incidence angles were investigated. The results indicate that in this case, our designed double-layer ARC outperforms the standard compact MgF2 single-layer ARC. By using the EMA approach, the amount of computational memory can be reduced by a factor of 30, shortening the simulation time from four days to one hour. At the rear side of the cell, a point-contacted MgF2/Al2O3 reflector, in combination with our proposed front ARC, enhances the Jph by 11.3% considering the same reference solar cell. Compared to a much thicker cell (1600-nm thick absorber) with no light management applied, our front-and-rear optical approaches more-than-compensate optical losses resulting from using thinner absorbers. This design is suitable for industrial uptake and practical to realize. Additionally, the approach of using EMA for double-layer ARC optimization is innovative with respect to other ARC approaches applicable to not only chalcopyrite photovoltaic technologies.
关键词： Thin films,Antireflection coatings,Light management,Photovoltaic
更新于2025-09-10 09:29:36
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Preparation and protection of ZnS surface sub-wavelength structure for infrared window
摘要： Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is one of the most important far-infrared optical candidate materials. However, it is indispensable for ZnS to improve its antireflection and protection especially under harsh environments. Compared with conventional surface antireflective films, surface sub-wavelength structures (SWSs) have some unique advantages. In this paper, dewetting nickel dots as etching mask on ZnS substrates were obtained by thermal annealing of as-sputtered Ni films on the intermediate layers of as-sputtered silicon films. ZnS SWSs were then prepared by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. Finally, HfO2 films were deposited on ZnS SWSs by atomic layer deposition. The influences of SWSs and ALD-derived HfO2 films on the transmittance and protection of ZnS were both investigated. The experimental results show that ZnS SWSs can increase both far-infrared transmittance and surface hydrophobicity. Meanwhile, ALD-derived HfO2 films can provide good protection. Compared with bare ZnS, HfO2-coated ZnS with double-sided SWS exhibits average transmittance of 79.2% other than initial 69.1% in 8–12 μm, better hydrophobicity with the wetting angle of 119.7°, and higher composite nano-hardness increased from 25.00 to 38.68 GPa. ALD derived HfO2 films on ZnS surface sub-wavelength structures have excellent application prospective for infrared optical windows.
关键词： Subwavelength structure,Antireflection,Infrared window,ZnS,Protection
更新于2025-09-09 09:28:46
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Significant improvement of the performance of ZrO2/V1-W O2/ZrO2 thermochromic coatings by utilizing a second-order interference
摘要： The paper deals with VO2-based thermochromic coatings prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. We combine four ways how to improve the coating performance and to increase its application potential. First, reactive high-power impulse magnetron sputtering with a pulsed O2 flow control allowed us to prepare crystalline VO2 of the correct stoichiometry under highly industry-friendly deposition conditions: without any substrate bias at a low deposition temperature of 330 °C. Second, doping of VO2 by W (leading to V1-xWxO2, with x = 0.012 in this work) allowed us to shift the thermochromic transition temperature towards the room temperature (39 °C in this work), without concessions in terms of coating properties. Third, we employ ZrO2 antireflection layers both below and above the thermochromic V1-xWxO2 layer, and present an optimum design of the resulting ZrO2/V1-xWxO2/ZrO2 coatings. Most importantly, we show that while utilizing a first-order interference on ZrO2 leads one to a tradeoff between the luminous transmittance (Tlum) and the modulation of the solar transmittance (ΔTsol), utilizing a second-order interference allows one to optimize both Tlum and ΔTsol in parallel. Fourth, the crystalline structure of the bottom ZrO2 layer further improves the VO2 crystallinity and the process reproducibility. The optimum experimental values of ZrO2 thickness are in agreement with those predicted during the coating design. The results are important for the design and low-temperature fabrication of high-performance durable thermochromic VO2-based coatings for smart window applications.
关键词： Thermochromic coatings,Low deposition temperature,Antireflection layer,HiPIMS,Doping,VO2
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14
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Design of an achromatic wide-view circular polarizer using normal dispersion films
摘要： Proposed herein is an achromatic wide-view circular polarizer (CP) using normal dispersion films, which can suppress the light reflection over all the polar and azimuth angles. For normal incidence, the proposed CP with +A/?A/+C plates shows almost zero light reflection over all the wavelengths. For oblique incidence, the maximum reflected light of the proposed CP with +A/?A/+C plates is approximately 68 times lower than that of a CP with a single quarter-wave plate. Moreover, because all the films that were used had normal wavelength dispersion, they could be easily fabricated at a relatively low manufacturing cost.
关键词： Optical compensation,wide-view,antireflection,circular polarizer
更新于2025-09-04 15:30:14