研究目的
To develop sodium-carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) films by solution casting technique and investigate their application as solid polymer electrolytes in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs).
研究成果
NaCMC-based polysulphide SPEs were successfully developed, with the highest RTIC achieved at 68 s soaking duration. The SPEs exhibited Arrhenius-type temperature dependence of conductivity. QDSSCs with CMC-68 SPE showed the highest PCE of 0.90%, attributed to longer electron lifetime and lower recombination rate.
研究不足
The study is limited by the solubility of NaCMC films in polysulphide electrolyte beyond 75 s soaking duration, which affects the film's integrity and performance. The efficiency of QDSSCs with SPEs is lower compared to liquid electrolytes.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Solution casting technique was employed to prepare NaCMC films, which were then soaked in an optimized aqueous polysulphide electrolyte. The conductivity-temperature relationship was studied following the Arrhenius rule.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
NaCMC films were soaked for different durations (30, 60, 68, and 75 s) in polysulphide electrolyte. The highest conducting electrolyte was used for further studies.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included NaCMC, Triton X-100, Cd(NO3)2·4H2O, TiO2 particles, Pt solution, Na2S·9H2O, S, PEG, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, methanol, ethanol, HNO3, and FTO-coated conducting glasses. Equipment included an oven, LCR Hi-Tester, X-ray diffractometer, and AUT 85988 advanced electrochemical system.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
NaCMC films were prepared, soaked in polysulphide electrolyte, and characterized for ionic conductivity, XRD, and dielectric properties. QDSSCs were fabricated and characterized for photovoltaic performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Conductivity was calculated using impedance data. XRD patterns were analyzed for crystalline/amorphous nature. Photovoltaic parameters were calculated from J-V characteristics.
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Cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate
purum p.a., ≥ 99% (T)
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a cationic precursor in the SILAR method for CdS deposition.
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AUT 85988 advanced electrochemical system
Metrohm Autolab B.V. PGSTAT 128N Netherlands
Metrohm Autolab
Used for J-V characteristics and EIS measurements of QDSSCs.
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Sodium-carboxymethylcellulose
average Mw 90 000 g mol-1
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as the host material for solid polymer electrolytes.
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Triton X-100
density = 1.06 g/mL
Sigma-Aldrich
Surfactant used in the preparation of TiO2 paste.
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Titanium dioxide
P90 and P25
Evonik Industries
Used in the fabrication of photoanodes for QDSSCs.
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Platinum solution
Solaronix
Used in the preparation of counter electrodes.
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Sodium sulphide
60% scales
APS Chemicals
Used in the preparation of polysulphide electrolyte.
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Sulphur
99.5% purity
PC Laboratory Reagent
Used in the preparation of polysulphide electrolyte.
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Polyethylene glycol
Mw 300 g/mol
Merck Schuchardt OHG
Used in the preparation of TiO2 paste.
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Zinc acetate-2-hydrate
99% purity
HmbG Chemicals
Used as a cationic precursor in the SILAR method for ZnS deposition.
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Methanol
99% purity
EAM Sdn Bhd
Solvent used in the preparation of anionic precursor for SILAR method.
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Ethanol
99% purity
EAM Sdn Bhd
Solvent used in the preparation of cationic precursor for SILAR method.
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Nitric acid
69% grade AR
Friendemann Schmidt
Used in the preparation of TiO2 paste.
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Fluorine-doped tin oxide
Solaronix
Used as conducting glasses for photoanodes and counter electrodes.
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LCR Hi-Tester
HIOKI 3532-50
HIOKI
Used for impedance measurements of electrolyte films.
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Olympus BTX-II Benchtop X-ray diffractometer
Olympus
Used for XRD measurements of NaCMC films and SPEs.
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Monochromator
Oriel-Model 70528, LCS-100
Newport Corporation
Used for IPCE measurements of QDSSCs.
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