1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used HA-mediated PDT on A549 cells, employing cytotoxicity assays, proteomic analysis via iTRAQ and LC-MS/MS, caspase inhibition, and mitochondrial function assessments to investigate apoptosis mechanisms.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used, purchased from the Cell Bank of Type Culture Collection of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Data were derived from cell culture experiments, proteomic analysis, and biochemical assays.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes spectrophotometers (e.g., Shimadzu UV-2450), microscopes (e.g., Olympus IX71, confocal laser scanning microscope), flow cytometer (FACS Calibur), mass spectrometer (Thermo Finnigan Q-Exactive), Seahorse Bioscience XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer, and transmission electron microscope (Hitachi H7650). Materials include HA, Doxorubicin, caspase inhibitors, ROS probes (e.g., DCFH-DA), antibodies, and cell culture reagents.

4：0). Materials include HA, Doxorubicin, caspase inhibitors, ROS probes (e.g., DCFH-DA), antibodies, and cell culture reagents. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Cells were treated with HA and irradiated with LED light. Procedures included cellular uptake studies, cytotoxicity assays (CCK-8), apoptosis detection (annexin V, DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation), ROS measurement, proteomic sample preparation (iTRAQ labeling, SCX fractionation, LC-MS/MS), mitochondrial function tests (JC-1 staining, OCR measurement), and Western blot analysis for protein expression.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Statistical analysis used Prism 6.0 software with ANOVA. Proteomic data were processed with Proteome Discoverer and Mascot software, and bioinformatics tools like DAVID, STRING, KEGG, and Panther were used for pathway analysis.