研究目的
To investigate the development and performance of La-modified TiO2/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from glycerol-water mixture under visible light.
研究成果
La-modified CNTs/TiO2 composites significantly enhance photocatalytic H2 production from glycerol-water mixtures under visible light, with the best performance from 5% La-5% CNTs/TiO2 NRs due to synergistic effects, larger surface area, and efficient charge separation. The catalyst shows good stability and reusability, offering a promising approach for sustainable hydrogen production.
研究不足
The study did not use UV-cut filters, so UV light may have contributed to activity; excess La loading above 5 wt% reduced performance due to agglomeration; catalyst stability showed slight decrease after multiple cycles due to reagent depletion.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used sol-gel assisted hydrothermal method for synthesis, with characterization techniques including XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, BET, UV-Visible, Raman, and PL spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was tested in a continuous flow slurry photoreactor under UV-visible light.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples included pure TiO2, La/TiO2, CNTs/TiO2, and La-CNTs/TiO2 composites, with variations in La loading (3, 5, 7 wt%) and CNTs content (5 wt%). Glycerol-water mixtures were used as sacrificial reagents.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included XRD (Bruker D8), BET analyzer (Micrometric ASAP 2020), FESEM (Hitachi SU8020), HRTEM (HITACHI HT7700), XPS (Axis Ultra DLD Shimadzu), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (LAMBDA 365 Perkin Elmer), FTIR (IRTracer-100 Shimadzu), Raman spectrometer (XploRA PLUS Horiba), PL spectrometer, and a slurry photoreactor with a Xenon HID H7 lamp. Materials included titanium(IV) isopropoxide, lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, isopropanol, acetic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, glycerol, and other alcohols.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Photocatalytic tests used 100 mg catalyst in 120 mL glycerol-water solution, bubbled with N2, irradiated with 35 W Xenon lamp, and gas products analyzed every hour using H2 analyzer and GC-TCD/FID.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using characterization techniques and statistical comparisons of H2 production rates.
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X-ray diffractometer
Bruker D8
Bruker
Performing XRD analysis to characterize crystalline phases of catalysts.
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Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
Hitachi SU8020
Hitachi
Analyzing morphological structure and particle distribution of catalysts.
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Transmission Electron Microscope
HITACHI HT7700
Hitachi
Obtaining high-resolution TEM images for nanostructure analysis.
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Axis Ultra DLD
Shimadzu
Analyzing surface component elemental states of catalysts.
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UV/Vis Spectrophotometer
LAMBDA 365
Perkin Elmer
Analyzing UV-visible light absorption of photo-catalysts.
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FTIR Spectrophotometer
IRTracer-100
Shimadzu
Measuring IR peaks for chemical analysis.
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Lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate
La(NO3)3·6H2O
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a source of La for catalyst modification.
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BET analyzer
Micrometric ASAP 2020
Micrometric
Measuring specific surface area and pore characteristics of catalysts.
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Raman Spectrometer
XploRA PLUS
Horiba
Recording Raman spectra for material characterization.
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Photo-luminescence Spectrometer
Horiba
Recording PL spectra to investigate charge separation.
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Xenon lamp
HID H7
Providing UV-visible light irradiation for photocatalytic experiments.
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Gas Chromatography
GC-TCD/FID
Analyzing gas products for H2 and hydrocarbons.
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H2 analyzer
Measuring hydrogen concentration in gas samples.
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Titanium(IV) isopropoxide
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a precursor in catalyst synthesis.
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Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a support and electron mediator in the nanocomposite.
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