研究目的
To develop a silica nanoparticle coating with self-cleaning and antireflective properties for photovoltaic modules to enhance light transmittance and reduce soiling effects.
研究成果
The aerosol deposition method effectively produced silica nanoparticle coatings with high transmittance (up to 99.2%), super-hydrophilicity, and self-cleaning properties, enhancing PV module efficiency by reducing reflection and soiling losses. Future work could focus on scaling up the process and long-term durability testing.
研究不足
The method may be complex and require specialized equipment; control over parameters like thickness and refractive index might be challenging for large-scale applications. The study focused on laboratory-scale experiments, and scalability to industrial PV modules was not addressed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used an aerosol impact deposition system for synthesizing and depositing silica nanoparticles on glass and silicon wafer substrates. This method allows control over film porosity, thickness, and refractive index by adjusting pressure ratios and flow rates of precursors.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Borosilicate glass slides and silicon wafers were used as substrates. They were cleaned with acetone in an ultrasonic cleaner, rinsed with deionized water, and dried with nitrogen gas.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a customized hypersonic impact deposition system with plasma reactor and deposition chambers, ultrasonic cleaner, ellipsometer, UV-spectrophotometer (UV-3600 Plus, Shimadzu), atomic force microscope (Bruker nano atomic), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Quanta 150 FEG), and water contact angle goniometer (rame-hart 400). Materials include silane, helium, air, acetone, deionized water, and nitrogen gas.
4：0). Materials include silane, helium, air, acetone, deionized water, and nitrogen gas. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Substrates were placed in a vacuum deposition chamber. Silane, helium, and air were introduced into the plasma chamber to synthesize silica nanoparticles (10-15 nm size). Nanoparticles were accelerated through a slit nozzle and deposited on substrates. Single and double layers with specific thicknesses and refractive indices were deposited.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Transmission and reflection spectra were measured using a UV-spectrophotometer. Surface morphology was analyzed with AFM and FE-SEM. Refractive indices and thickness were determined using an ellipsometer with a Cauchy model. Water contact angles were measured with a goniometer.
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UV-spectrophotometer
UV-3600 Plus
Shimadzu
Used to measure transmission and reflection spectra of coated and uncoated glass substrates in the 300-1200 nm wavelength range.
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Atomic Force Microscope
Bruker nano atomic
Bruker
Used to study surface topology and particle analysis in tapping mode, providing root mean square roughness measurements.
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Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
Quanta 150 FEG
FEI (now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, but commonly referred to by model)
Used to determine the microstructure and porosity of the coated surface.
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Water Contact Angle Goniometer
rame-hart 400
rame-hart
Used to measure the water contact angle on coated and uncoated glass slides to assess super-hydrophilicity.
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Ellipsometer
Used to determine the thickness and refractive indices of the coated films using a Cauchy model.
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Ultrasonic Cleaner
Used to clean glass slides and silicon wafers with acetone solution.
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