1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The polycrystalline ceramic Pb0:5Ba1:5BiVO6 was synthesized using the conventional solid-state route (mixed oxide reaction method) at moderate temperatures. Structural, microstructural, compositional, dielectric, and optical properties were characterized using various techniques including XRD, SEM, EDS, LCR meter, RAMAN, FTIR, UV-Vis, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

High-purity raw materials (PbO, Bi2O3, V2O5 > 99% from M/s LOBA Chemie Pvt. Ltd. India) were used. The sample was prepared as cylindrical pellets (diameter 10 mm, thickness 0.5–2 mm) after calcination and sintering.

3：5–2 mm) after calcination and sintering. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Digital balance, agate-motor and pestle system, methanol, high-pure alumina crucible, high temperature muffle furnace, hydraulic press, PVA binder, powder diffractometer (Rigaku ULTIMA IV), SEM (JOEL JSM 5800), EDS, LCR meter (PSM LCR 4NL, Model: 1735), sample holder, chromel-alumel thermo-couple, digital milli voltmeter (KUSAM MECO 108), JASCO-FTIR/4100 Infrared spectrophotometer, NIR Raman spectrometer, Micro-Raman Spectrometer with Ar+ laser, UV-Vis spectrometer.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Raw materials were mixed, calcined at 710°C for 4 h, pressed into pellets, sintered at 725°C for 4 h, and polished. XRD was performed at room temperature with CuKα radiation. SEM and EDS were conducted on gold-plated surfaces. Dielectric measurements were taken at temperatures 30–500°C and frequencies 1 kHz–1 MHz. Optical assessments included RAMAN, FTIR, UV-Vis, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy at room temperature.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

XRD data analyzed using X’Pert Highscore software and Rietveld refinement. Dielectric data analyzed for frequency and temperature dependence. Optical data analyzed for band gap using Mott and Davis equation.