1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed a scan-mode nitrogen DC-pulse APPJ to treat NiO for PSCs, with the peak substrate temperature set to 500 °C. The optical transmittance, haze spectra, surface morphology, chemical bonding configuration, wettability, conductivity, and electrochemical properties of scanning APPJ-treated NiO were characterized.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

FTO glass substrates were used, treated with NiO films prepared from a precursor solution of nickel acetate and ethanolamine in ethanol. The NiO films were then treated with APPJ in scanning mode.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included an APPJ system, UV-vis spectrophotometer, SEM, AFM, XPS, contact angle goniometer, and electrochemical workstation. Materials included nickel acetate, ethanolamine, ethanol, FTO glass, and CH3NH3PbI

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The NiO film was annealed and then treated by APPJ in scanning mode. The treated NiO films were characterized, and PSCs were fabricated and their performance evaluated.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, AFM, XPS, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate the effects of APPJ treatment on NiO and PSC performance.