研究目的
To investigate the effect of the LUMO level of electron transporting layer (ETL) on the open-circuit voltage (VOC) of tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and to enhance the VOC and efficiency of these solar cells by introducing indene?C60 bisadduct (ICBA) as a new ETL material.
研究成果
The introduction of ICBA as an ETL material significantly enhances the VOC of tin-based PSCs by minimizing the energy offset with the perovskite absorber's conduction band minimum. This study underscores the necessity of redesigning device structures specifically for tin-based PSCs to achieve higher efficiencies and stability.
研究不足
The study highlights the importance of matching the energy levels between the tin-based perovskite absorber and the ETL for improving VOC. However, the slightly lower short-circuit current density (JSC) with ICBA compared to PCBM and C60 suggests that further optimization of the ETL's electron mobility and energy disorder is needed to enhance the overall efficiency of tin-based PSCs.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed an inverted planar heterojunction device structure with PEDOT:PSS as the hole transporting layer (HTL), FA0.9PEA0.1SnI3 as the light absorber, and ICBA, PCBM, or C60 as the electron transporting layer (ETL). The energy levels of the materials were characterized using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
2：9PEA1SnI3 as the light absorber, and ICBA, PCBM, or C60 as the electron transporting layer (ETL). The energy levels of the materials were characterized using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS).
Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: The FA0.9PEA0.1SnI3 perovskite films were prepared via a one-step method from solution, and the morphology and crystallinity of the films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
3：9PEA1SnI3 perovskite films were prepared via a one-step method from solution, and the morphology and crystallinity of the films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: The study used a Shimadzu UV-3101 spectrometer for absorbance spectra, a fluorescence lifetime spectrometer for time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements, and a solar simulator for current density-voltage (J-V) measurements.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The perovskite films were spin-coated on pre-cleaned ITO glass substrates, followed by the deposition of ETLs and metal electrodes. The photovoltaic performance of the solar cells was characterized under AM 1.5G simulated irradiation.
5：5G simulated irradiation.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: The PL lifetime was fitted to a bi-exponential decay model, and the photovoltaic parameters were analyzed from the J-V curves.
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