1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The nanocrystalline Zn1-xMnxO samples were prepared by the wet chemical synthesis route – simultaneous addition of reagents (WCS-SimAdd). Stoichiometric ratios of the zinc acetate dihydrate, Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and manganese acetate tetrahydrate, Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O and oxalic acid dihydrate, H2C2O4·2H2O were dissolved in distilled water to obtain a homogeneous solution. The precipitation was carried out under continuous stirring and the pH value was adjusted to 8±

2：2, by adding the ammonia solution, NH4OH. A small volume of tetraethylammonium hydroxide, (C2H5)4N(OH) aqueous solution was used as anti-agglomeration agent. The post-precipitation stage consisted of 24 h aging, separation by filtering and drying. The precursor thermal treatment was performed at 450 °C, for 1 h, in air at a heating rate of 10 °C/ min. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The precursors were characterized by: thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses (Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA851; platinum crucible, heating rate 10 oC/min; nitrogen flow 30 ml/min); evolved gas analysis (Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FT-IR Spectrometer equipped with TGA module, working at 150 oC; HR Nicolet TGA Vapor phase library).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA851, Thermo Scientific Nicolet 6700 FT-IR Spectrometer, Bruker AXS D8 Discover diffractometer, Inel Equinox 3000 diffractometer, Tecnai G2 F30 S-TWIN transmission electron microscope, Bruker E-500 ELEXSYS X-band spectrometer.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The precursors were characterized by thermal analyses, XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EPR spectroscopy, and antibacterial activity evaluation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The structural and morphological characterization was performed by XRD, TEM and HRTEM analyses. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the well diffusion method, MIC and MBC tests. The generation of ROS was evidenced by EPR spectroscopy coupled with the spin trapping probe technique.