1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used ion implantation to synthesize Cu, Zn, and CuZn alloy nanoparticles in LiNbO3 crystals. The rationale was to leverage localized surface plasmon resonance effects for enhanced nonlinear optical properties. Theoretical models included SRIM 2013 for ion range simulations and Mie/Maxwell-Garnett theories for optical property analysis.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Optical grade Z-cut LiNbO3 single crystal wafers of 0.5 mm thickness were used. Samples were prepared by single or sequential implantation of Cu and Zn ions at specific energies and fluences.

3：5 mm thickness were used. Samples were prepared by single or sequential implantation of Cu and Zn ions at specific energies and fluences. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) implanter for ion implantation, UV-3600 double-beam spectrophotometer for absorption spectra, Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin microscope for TEM, HAADF, EDXS, and SAED measurements, and a Z-scan setup with an EKSPLA PL2210A laser for nonlinear optical properties. Materials were LiNbO3 crystals, Cu and Zn ions.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Implantation was performed at 100 keV for Cu and 70 keV for Zn ions with a fluence of 5e16 cm^-2. Samples were annealed at 100-400°C in nitrogen. Optical absorption, TEM, and Z-scan measurements were conducted before and after annealing to analyze structural and optical changes.

5：Samples were annealed at 100-400°C in nitrogen. Optical absorption, TEM, and Z-scan measurements were conducted before and after annealing to analyze structural and optical changes. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using SRIM simulations for ion profiles, theoretical fittings for Z-scan curves (equations provided in paper), and standard techniques for TEM and spectroscopy to determine nanoparticle size, composition, and optical properties.