研究目的
To enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells by using ITO electrodes with a nanoporous surface formed by wet-etching of self-agglomerated Ag nanoparticles.
研究成果
The study demonstrated that ITO electrodes with a nanoporous surface, formed by wet-etching of self-agglomerated Ag nanoparticles, can significantly enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells. The optimized ITO electrodes showed improved power conversion efficiency and fill factor, indicating a simple and efficient method to improve solar cell performance without complex processes.
研究不足
The study focused on the enhancement of perovskite solar cell performance through surface modification of ITO electrodes. The limitations include the potential for residual Ag affecting the electrical and optical properties of the ITO electrodes and the need for optimization of the ITO/Ag mixed layer thickness to achieve the desired porosity without degrading performance.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the fabrication of ITO electrodes with a nanoporous surface by wet-etching of self-agglomerated Ag nanoparticles. The process included co-sputtering of ITO ceramic and Ag metal targets, annealing to crystallize the ITO electrode and form Ag nanoparticles, and wet-etching to remove the Ag nanoparticles.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The samples were 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm glass substrates with ITO electrodes of varying Ag/ITO mixed layer thicknesses.
3：5 cm × 5 cm glass substrates with ITO electrodes of varying Ag/ITO mixed layer thicknesses. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included a DC magnetron sputtering system, rapid thermal annealing system, UV/visible spectrometer, Hall measurement system, FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and HRTEM. Materials included ITO and Ag targets, tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate, SnO2 colloidal solution, formamidine iodide, methylammonium bromide, lead iodide, lead bromide, and spiro-OMeTAD.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The process involved cleaning the glass substrates, depositing ITO and ITO/Ag mixed layers, annealing, wet-etching, and fabricating perovskite solar cells on the modified ITO electrodes.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The study used UV/visible spectrometry, Hall measurements, FESEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and HRTEM for analysis.
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TEM
JEM-2100F
JEOL
Used to analyze the microstructure of the perovskite solar cells.
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XRD
D8 ADVANCE
Bruker Corporation
Used to analyze the structure of the ITO electrodes.
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FESEM
MERLIN
Carl Zeiss
Used to examine the surface morphology of the ITO electrodes.
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ITO ceramic targets
Dasom
Used for deposition of ITO films on glass substrates.
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Ag metal targets
Dasom
Used for co-sputtering with ITO to form Ag/ITO mixed layers.
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UV/visible spectrometer
UV 540
Unicam
Used to measure the optical properties of the ITO films.
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Hall measurement system
HMS-4000AM
Ecopia
Used to measure the electrical properties of the ITO films.
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XPS
K-alpha
Thermo U. K.
Used to investigate the Ag content on the ITO surface.
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Solar simulator
Oriel Class A, 91195A
Newport
Used to measure the current density-voltage curves of the perovskite solar cells.
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Source meter
Keithley 2420
Used in conjunction with the solar simulator to measure the current density-voltage curves.
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